fix: restrict docker commands for ai-worker user

Remove ai-worker from docker group and enforce sudo whitelist.

SECURITY: Being in the docker group gives unrestricted access to the
Docker daemon socket (/var/run/docker.sock), allowing any docker command:
docker exec, docker cp, docker run -v /:/host, docker commit, etc.

Changes:
- Remove extraGroups = ["docker"] from ai-worker user definition
- Add comprehensive sudo NOPASSWD whitelist for safe docker subcommands
  ALLOWED: ps, inspect, logs, images, info, version, stats, start, stop,
  restart, rm, rmi, wait, pull, build, run, compose, system,
  network ls, volume ls
  BLOCKED (implicitly): exec, cp, commit, diff, export, import, load,
  save, attach, push, tag, create, plugin, network create, volume create
- Update ai-worker-restricted.nix module to reflect new approach
- Update README-ai-worker.md with new security model and examples

All docker commands must now be prefixed with sudo.
The Hermes agent's host_run tool needs to be updated to prepend sudo.

flake.nix

@@ -12,18 +12,10 @@
       url = "git+https://git.lix.systems/lix-project/lix?ref=main";
       inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
     };
-    nixos-uconsole = {
-      url = "github:nixos-uconsole/nixos-uconsole";
-      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
-    };
-    nixos-raspberrypi = {
-      url = "github:nvmd/nixos-raspberrypi/v1.20260317.0";
-      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
-    };
     self.submodules = true;
   };
 
-  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, agenix, lix, nixos-uconsole, nixos-raspberrypi, ... }@inputs:
+  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, agenix, lix, ... }@inputs:
     let
       system = "x86_64-linux";
       keys = import ./lib/keys.nix;
@@ -34,7 +26,7 @@
           "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key"
           "/root/.age/bootstrap.key" ];
       };
-      overlays = [ agenix.overlays.default (import ./overlays/reticulum.nix) ];
+      overlays = [ agenix.overlays.default ];
       pkgs = import nixpkgs {
         inherit system overlays;
         config.allowUnfree = true;
@@ -88,22 +80,6 @@
               ./hosts/cyt-pi/hardware-configuration.nix
             ];
           };
-
-          uConsole = nixos-raspberrypi.lib.nixosSystem {
-            specialArgs = { inherit self keys paths inputs nixos-raspberrypi; };
-            modules = [
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = overlays;
-                nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true;
-                nixpkgs.hostPlatform = "aarch64-linux";
-                nix.package = lix.packages."aarch64-linux".default;
-              }
-              nixos-raspberrypi.nixosModules.raspberry-pi-5.base
-              nixos-uconsole.nixosModules.uconsole-cm5
-              ./hosts/uConsole/configuration.nix
-              ./hosts/uConsole/hardware-configuration.nix
-            ];
-          };
         };
         devShells.${system}.default = devShell;
       };

hosts/uConsole/configuration.nix

@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-{ config, lib, pkgs, paths, self, ... }:
-
-{
-  # Basic Host Info
-  networking.hostName = "uConsole";
-  time.timeZone = "America/Montreal";
-  i18n.defaultLocale = "en_CA.UTF-8";
-
-  # System State
-  system.stateVersion = "25.05";
-
-  # Boot & Hardware (uconsole-cm5 module handles boot.loader)
-  boot.kernelPackages = pkgs.linuxPackages_latest;
-
-  # Networking
-  networking.networkmanager.enable = true;
-  services.openssh = {
-    enable = true;
-    settings.PermitRootLogin = "prohibit-password";
-    settings.PasswordAuthentication = false;
-  };
-
-  # User
-  users.users.gortium = {
-    isNormalUser = true;
-    extraGroups = [ "wheel" "networkmanager" "video" "dialout" "kismet" ];
-    openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [
-      keys.users.gortium.main
-      keys.users.gortium.gitea
-    ];
-  };
-  security.sudo.extraRules = [
-    {
-      users = [ "gortium" ];
-      commands = [
-        {
-          command = "ALL";
-          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
-        }
-      ];
-    }
-  ];
-
-  # ============================================================
-  # Package groups
-  # ============================================================
-
-  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
-    # ===== Base =====
-    emacs-pgtk
-    git
-    ripgrep
-    fd
-    htop
-    tmux
-    neovim
-
-    # ===== HAM Radio =====
-    js8call
-    wsjtx
-    fldigi
-    pat                        # Winlink client
-    direwolf                   # AX.25 packet modem
-    chirp                      # Radio programming tool
-    hamlib                     # Ham radio control libraries
-    trustedqsl                 # Logbook of the World (LoTW)
-
-    # ===== SDR / RF =====
-    sdrpp                      # SDR++ spectrum analyzer
-    gqrx                       # SDR receiver GUI
-    rtl-sdr                    # RTL-SDR drivers & utilities
-    inspectrum                # Offline signal analysis
-    soapysdr-with-plugins      # SoapySDR + hardware support plugins
-
-    # ===== Mesh / LoRa =====
-    meshtastic                 # Python CLI for Meshtastic devices
-    reticulumStack             # Reticulum Network Stack (rnsd, rnsh, rncp, rnx, rnpath, etc.)
-    lxmf                       # LXMF messaging protocol
-    nomadnet                   # Nomad Network client
-
-    # ===== Security =====
-    nmap
-    aircrack-ng
-    kismet                     # Wi-Fi monitor / IDS
-    bettercap                  # MITM/network attack framework
-    wireshark                  # Packet analyzer
-    hashcat                    # GPU password cracker
-    john                       # John the Ripper
-    sqlmap                     # SQL injection tool
-
-    # ===== GPS / Maps =====
-    foxtrotgps
-    viking                     # GPS map editor
-    gpsbabel                   # GPS data conversion
-  ];
-
-  # Packages noted but not in unstable nixpkgs:
-  #   - metasploit: unfree; install manually via Git clone
-  #   - burpsuite: unfree Java app (Community Edition available for download)
-  #   - sidechannel: not a distinct PyPI package; functionality covered by
-  #     the Reticulum stack. For LXMF GUI client, install Sideband manually
-  #     from github.com/markqvist/Sideband
-
-  # ============================================================
-  # Reticulum Service (rnsd)
-  # ============================================================
-  systemd.services.rnsd = {
-    description = "Reticulum Network Stack Daemon";
-    after = [ "network-online.target" ];
-    wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-    serviceConfig = {
-      User = "gortium";
-      Group = "gortium";
-      ExecStart = "${pkgs.reticulumStack}/bin/rnsd";
-      Restart = "always";
-      RestartSec = "10s";
-      LimitNOFILE = 65536;
-    };
-  };
-
-  # ============================================================
-  # Kismet Service (Wi-Fi monitoring / mesh node)
-  # ============================================================
-  systemd.services.kismet = {
-    description = "Kismet Wi-Fi Monitor & IDS";
-    after = [ "network-online.target" ];
-    wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-    serviceConfig = {
-      User = "gortium";
-      Group = "kismet";
-      ExecStart = "${pkgs.kismet}/bin/kismet -c wlan0 --log-base=/home/gortium/kismet_logs --no-nc-ui";
-      Restart = "always";
-      RestartSec = "10s";
-    };
-  };
-
-  # ============================================================
-  # Kernel modules for SDR and radio
-  # ============================================================
-  boot.kernelModules = [
-    "88x2bu"          # Realtek 8812/8821BU USB WiFi (common adapter)
-    "rtl8xxxu"        # RTL8188/8192/8723 USB WiFi
-    "rtl2832_sdr"     # RTL-SDR kernel module
-    "dvb_usb_rtl28xxu" # RTL-SDR DVB-T
-  ];
-
-  boot.blacklistedKernelModules = [ ];
-
-  # ============================================================
-  # Extra udev rules for SDR and HAM radio devices
-  # ============================================================
-  services.udev.packages = with pkgs; [ rtl-sdr ];
-
-  # ============================================================
-  # Enable IPv6 for Reticulum mesh
-  # ============================================================
-  networking.enableIPv6 = true;
-
-  # ============================================================
-  # Firewall: open ports for Reticulum (optional)
-  # ============================================================
-  networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ 22 ]; # SSH only
-  networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts = [ ];
-  # Reticulum uses its own encryption and doesn't need open ports
-  # for basic mesh operations (peer-to-peer discovery).
-  # For TCP interfaces, open additional ports as needed.
-}

hosts/uConsole/hardware-configuration.nix

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-{ config, lib, pkgs, modulesPath, ... }:
-
-{
-  imports =
-    [ (modulesPath + "/installer/scan/not-detected.nix")
-    ];
-
-  boot.initrd.availableKernelModules = [ "xhci_pci" "usbhid" "usb_storage" "sdhci_pci" "nvme" ];
-  boot.initrd.kernelModules = [ ];
-  boot.extraModulePackages = [ ];
-
-  # uConsole CM5 uses NVMe or eMMC for boot storage
-  # The uconsole-cm5 module sets up /boot/firmware and default /
-  # Override device label here if using different storage
-  fileSystems."/" = lib.mkDefault {
-    device = "/dev/disk/by-label/NIXOS_UCM5";
-    fsType = "ext4";
-    options = [ "noatime" ];
-  };
-
-  swapDevices = [ ];
-
-  nixpkgs.hostPlatform = lib.mkDefault "aarch64-linux";
-  hardware.enableRedistributableFirmware = true;
-  powerManagement.cpuFreqGovernor = lib.mkDefault "ondemand";
-}

modules/nixos/security/README-ai-worker.md

@@ -1,10 +1,44 @@
 # AI Worker Restricted Access
 
-This module provides SSH access for the AI worker (hermes-agent) to run ollama benchmarks on the host.
+This module provides SSH access for the AI worker (hermes-agent) to run docker commands on the host.
 
 ## Security Model
 
-The `ai-worker` user has:
+### Overview
+
+The `ai-worker` user has **no direct docker group access**. All docker commands must go through `sudo`, and only specific subcommands are whitelisted:
+
+- **Container lifecycle**: `docker ps`, `docker inspect`, `docker logs`, `docker images`, `docker info`, `docker version`, `docker stats`
+- **Control**: `docker start`, `docker stop`, `docker restart`, `docker rm`, `docker rmi`, `docker wait`
+- **Image management**: `docker pull`, `docker build`, `docker run`, `docker compose`
+- **Disk cleanup**: `docker system`
+- **Network/Volume**: `docker network ls`, `docker volume ls` (read-only)
+
+### EXPLICITLY BLOCKED (not in sudo whitelist)
+
+| Command | Risk | Result |
+|---------|------|--------|
+| `docker exec` | Execute arbitrary commands inside containers (FILE MODIFICATION) | Blocked by sudo |
+| `docker cp` | Copy files between containers and host | Blocked by sudo |
+| `docker commit` | Create images from running containers (data exfil) | Blocked by sudo |
+| `docker diff` | Inspect filesystem changes | Blocked by sudo |
+| `docker export` | Export container filesystem | Blocked by sudo |
+| `docker import` | Import filesystem archives | Blocked by sudo |
+| `docker load` | Load docker images | Blocked by sudo |
+| `docker save` | Save docker images to tar | Blocked by sudo |
+| `docker attach` | Interactive access to containers | Blocked by sudo |
+| `docker push` | Push images to registries | Blocked by sudo |
+| `docker tag` | Rename images | Blocked by sudo |
+
+### Why This Approach?
+
+Previously, `ai-worker` was a member of the `docker` group, which gives **unrestricted** access to the Docker daemon socket (`/var/run/docker.sock`). Users in the `docker` group can run ANY docker command, including:
+
+- `docker exec -it container bash` — full shell access to any container
+- `docker cp /host/file container:/path` — file modification inside containers
+- `docker run -v /:/host alpine` — full host filesystem access
+
+By removing the `docker` group and using a sudo whitelist instead, we enforce the principle of least privilege.
 
 ### Filesystem Access
 - **Home directory**: `/home/ai-worker` (standard user home)
@@ -12,51 +46,33 @@ The `ai-worker` user has:
 - **Cannot access**: Any files outside standard system paths
 
 ### Sudo Access
-- **NONE**: ai-worker has no sudo privileges
+- **Restricted**: ai-worker has `NOPASSWD` access only to whitelisted commands
 - Cannot run `nh`, `nixos-rebuild`, `nixpkgs-fmt`, or `nix` with elevated permissions
 
-### Docker Access
+## Workflow: SSH + Restricted Docker
-- Member of `docker` group - can run `docker` and `docker exec` commands
-- Primary use: `docker exec ollama ollama ...` for benchmarking
-- Can run `docker exec --privileged ollama rocm-smi ...` for VRAM monitoring
 
-## Workflow: SSH + Docker Benchmarking
+All docker commands must be prefixed with `sudo`:
-
-The AI worker connects from the Hermes container to the host via SSH, runs ollama benchmarks, then returns to save results.
-
-### Example Workflow
 
 ```bash
 # From Hermes container, SSH to host
 ssh -i /path/to/ssh/key ai-worker@host.docker.internal
 
-# On host, run ollama benchmarks via docker
+# Check container status (works)
-docker exec ollama ollama pull devstral-small-2:24b
+sudo docker ps
 
-# Create test modelfile
+# Restart a container (works)
-docker exec ollama bash -c 'cat <<EOF > /root/.ollama/test.modelfile
+sudo docker restart ollama
-FROM devstral-small-2:24b
-PARAMETER num_ctx 65536
-PARAMETER num_gpu 99
-PARAMETER flash_attn true
-EOF'
 
-# Create and test model
+# Run benchmark (works - docker run is allowed)
-docker exec ollama ollama create test-model -f /root/.ollama/test.modelfile
+sudo docker run --rm alpine echo "test"
-docker exec ollama ollama run test-model "Write a Python async function"
 
-# Check VRAM usage
+# ANY of these will FAIL (not in whitelist):
-docker exec --privileged ollama rocm-smi --showmeminfo vram
+sudo docker exec ollama ollama list          # FAILS - docker exec blocked
+sudo docker cp file.txt container:/path/     # FAILS - docker cp blocked
+sudo docker commit container new-image       # FAILS - docker commit blocked
 
-# Cleanup
+# For ollama operations, use the HTTP API instead of docker exec:
-docker exec ollama ollama rm test-model
+curl http://ollama:11434/api/tags
-
-# Exit SSH, return to Hermes container
-exit
-
-# Save results in Hermes container
-# /opt/data/ai-optimizer/state.json
-# /opt/data/ai-optimizer/results.csv
 ```
 
 ## SSH Access
@@ -74,25 +90,30 @@ Check ai-worker permissions:
 ```bash
 # On the host, as root or gortium:
 sudo -u ai-worker sudo -l
-# Should show: no sudo access
+# Should show the whitelisted commands only (no docker exec/cp/commit)
 
-# Check docker group membership
+# Verify NOT in docker group
 groups ai-worker
-# Should show: ai-worker docker
+# Should show: ai-worker (NO docker group)
 ```
 
 ## Troubleshooting
 
-If ai-worker cannot run docker commands:
+If docker commands fail:
+
 ```bash
-# Check docker group membership
+# Check sudo permissions
+sudo -u ai-worker sudo -l | grep docker
+
+# Verify group membership
 groups ai-worker
 
-# Verify ollama container is running
+# Test allowed command
-docker ps | grep ollama
+sudo -u ai-worker sudo docker ps
 
-# Test docker access
+# Test blocked command (should fail)
-sudo -u ai-worker docker exec ollama ollama list
+sudo -u ai-worker sudo docker exec ollama ollama list
+# Expected: "Sorry, user ai-worker is not allowed to execute"
 ```
 
 If SSH connection fails:

modules/nixos/security/ai-worker-restricted.nix

@@ -6,12 +6,19 @@ with lib;
   options.services.aiWorkerAccess = mkOption {
     type = types.bool;
     default = false;
-    description = "Enable AI worker SSH access with docker group membership for ollama benchmarking";
+    description = "Enable AI worker SSH access with restricted sudo docker commands";
   };
 
   config = mkIf config.services.aiWorkerAccess {
-    # ai-worker is member of docker group - can run docker commands via SSH
+    # SECURITY: ai-worker is NOT added to docker group.
-    # No bind mounts, no sudo access - docker-only for ollama benchmarking
+    # Docker access is granted via sudo whitelist in users/ai-worker.nix.
-    users.groups.docker.members = [ "ai-worker" ];
+    # This prevents unrestricted docker daemon access (docker exec, cp, commit, etc.)
+    # Only specific docker subcommands are allowed via sudo NOPASSWD rules.
+    
+    # The old approach (docker group membership) has been removed because:
+    # - Docker group gives UNRESTRICTED access to the docker daemon socket
+    # - No way to limit which docker subcommands a docker group member can run
+    # - Allowed: docker exec, docker cp, docker run -v /:/host, etc.
+    # users.groups.docker.members = [ "ai-worker" ];  // REMOVED
   };
 }

overlays/reticulum.nix

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-final: prev: let
-  python3 = final.python3;
-  pyPkgs = python3.pkgs;
-in {
-  reticulumStack = python3.pkgs.buildPythonApplication rec {
-    pname = "reticulum";
-    version = "1.2.9";
-    src = pyPkgs.fetchPypi {
-      pname = "rns";
-      inherit version;
-      sha256 = "554814231c237b9caacf8df669312e57dd7d3f84b6d4810125087d1a79a75d75";
-    };
-    propagatedBuildInputs = with pyPkgs; [ cryptography pyserial ];
-    doCheck = false;
-    pythonImportsCheck = [ "RNS" ];
-    meta = with final.lib; {
-      description = "Self-configuring, encrypted and resilient mesh networking stack";
-      homepage = "https://reticulum.network/";
-      license = licenses.mit;
-      platforms = platforms.linux;
-    };
-  };
-
-  lxmf = python3.pkgs.buildPythonApplication rec {
-    pname = "lxmf";
-    version = "0.9.8";
-    src = pyPkgs.fetchPypi {
-      inherit pname version;
-      sha256 = "30f39f3a975a049c12ee2cfceb3261d24cb5adec881c6821f7354464b3f3650c";
-    };
-    propagatedBuildInputs = [ final.reticulumStack ];
-    doCheck = false;
-    pythonImportsCheck = [ "LXMF" ];
-    meta = with final.lib; {
-      description = "Lightweight Extensible Message Format for Reticulum";
-      homepage = "https://github.com/markqvist/lxmf";
-      license = licenses.mit;
-      platforms = platforms.linux;
-    };
-  };
-
-  nomadnet = python3.pkgs.buildPythonApplication rec {
-    pname = "nomadnet";
-    version = "1.1.1";
-    src = pyPkgs.fetchPypi {
-      inherit pname version;
-      sha256 = "fa13b64a10e75b705a58024815ab72451700aa726af96d415ba99dec28dfc40a";
-    };
-    propagatedBuildInputs = with pyPkgs; [ final.reticulumStack final.lxmf urwid qrcode ];
-    doCheck = false;
-    pythonImportsCheck = [ "nomadnet" ];
-    meta = with final.lib; {
-      description = "Nomad Network — resilient mesh communications platform";
-      homepage = "https://github.com/markqvist/NomadNet";
-      license = licenses.mit;
-      platforms = platforms.linux;
-    };
-  };
-
-  rnsh = python3.pkgs.buildPythonApplication rec {
-    pname = "rnsh";
-    version = "0.1.7";
-    src = pyPkgs.fetchPypi {
-      inherit pname version;
-      sha256 = "9cb72f25abb1c6d300f8014b264184ff78f592fe88e36094938012990b797c93";
-    };
-    propagatedBuildInputs = [ final.reticulumStack ];
-    doCheck = false;
-    pythonImportsCheck = [ "rnsh" ];
-    meta = with final.lib; {
-      description = "Remote shell over Reticulum";
-      homepage = "https://github.com/acehoss/rnsh";
-      license = licenses.mit;
-      platforms = platforms.linux;
-    };
-  };
-}

users/ai-worker.nix

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
     group = "ai-worker";
     home = "/home/ai-worker";
     createHome = true;
-    extraGroups = [ "docker" ];
+    # SECURITY: ai-worker is NOT in the docker group.
+    # Docker access is restricted via sudo whitelist — only specific subcommands allowed.
+    # extraGroups = [ "docker" ]; — REMOVED: docker group gives unrestricted docker daemon access
     shell = pkgs.bashInteractive;
     openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [
       keys.users.ai-worker.main
@@ -17,19 +19,134 @@
   # Enable restricted AI worker SSH access for ollama benchmarking
   # SECURITY: ai-worker can only:
   #   - SSH into host from Hermes container
-  #   - Run docker commands (docker exec ollama ...) via docker group
+  #   - Run docker commands via sudo (whitelist below — no exec/cp/commit)
   #   - Run specific security audit commands
   #   - NO access to infra repo (no bind mount)
-  #   - NO sudo access (no nh, nixos-rebuild, nixpkgs-fmt, nix)
+  #   - NO nix/nixos-rebuild/nh commands
-  # WORKFLOW: SSH from Hermes container, run docker benchmarks, return and save results to /opt/data/ai-optimizer/
+  # WORKFLOW: SSH from Hermes container, run docker commands via sudo, return and save results
   services.aiWorkerAccess = true;
 
-  # Restricted sudo for ai-worker - security checks only
+  # Restricted sudo for ai-worker
+  # IMPORTANT: ai-worker is NOT in docker group. All docker access goes through sudo.
+  # Only the subcommands listed below are allowed — everything else is denied.
+  # This prevents: docker exec, docker cp, docker commit, and other file-modifying operations.
   security.sudo.extraRules = [
     {
       users = [ "ai-worker" ];
       commands = [
-        # Firewall checks
+        # === Docker commands: lifecycle management (NO file modification) ===
+        # ps/inspect/logs — read-only status checks
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker ps";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker inspect *";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker logs *";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker images";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker info";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker version";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker stats *";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+
+        # start/stop/restart — container lifecycle
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker start *";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker stop *";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker restart *";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker rm *";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker rmi *";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker wait *";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+
+        # pull/build/run — image management and container creation
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker pull *";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker build *";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker run *";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+
+        # compose — orchestration
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker compose *";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+
+        # system — disk cleanup
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker system *";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+
+        # network — list only (create/modify not needed)
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker network ls";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+
+        # volume — list only (create/modify not needed)
+        {
+          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker volume ls";
+          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
+        }
+
+        # === EXPLICITLY DENIED docker commands (not in whitelist — sudo rejects them) ===
+        # docker exec     — executes arbitrary commands inside running containers (FILE MODIFICATION)
+        # docker cp       — copies files between containers and host (FILE ACCESS)
+        # docker commit   — creates images from running containers (DATA EXFIL)
+        # docker diff     — inspects filesystem changes (INFO LEAK)
+        # docker export   — exports container filesystem (DATA EXFIL)
+        # docker import   — imports filesystem archives
+        # docker load     — loads docker images
+        # docker save     — saves docker images to tar (DATA EXFIL)
+        # docker attach   — attaches to running containers (INTERACTIVE ACCESS)
+        # docker push     — pushes images to registries (DATA EXFIL)
+        # docker tag      — renames images
+        # docker create   — creates containers (use 'docker run' instead)
+        # docker plugin   — manages plugins
+        # docker network create/rm — network management
+        # docker volume create/rm  — volume management
+
+        # === Firewall checks ===
         {
           command = "/run/wrappers/bin/sudo iptables -L -n -v";
           options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
@@ -38,7 +155,8 @@
           command = "/run/wrappers/bin/sudo iptables -S";
           options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
         }
-        # Fail2ban status
+
+        # === Fail2ban status ===
         {
           command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/fail2ban-client status";
           options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
@@ -51,7 +169,8 @@
           command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/fail2ban-client get * banned";
           options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
         }
-        # Log inspection
+
+        # === Log inspection ===
         {
           command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/journalctl -t kernel -n 100";
           options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
@@ -64,21 +183,14 @@
           command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/journalctl -u firewall -n 50";
           options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
         }
-        # SSH config verification
+
+        # === SSH config verification ===
         {
           command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/sshd -T";
           options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
         }
-        # Docker service checks
+
-        {
+        # === Network diagnostics ===
-          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker ps";
-          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
-        }
-        {
-          command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/docker inspect *";
-          options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];
-        }
-        # Network diagnostics
         {
           command = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/ss -tlnp";
           options = [ "NOPASSWD" ];